1. Local Tetanus. This is a persistent contraction of the muscles in the same areas as the infected wound. This form is generally mild, but also uncommon.
2. Cephalic Tetanus. This is a rare form which involves cranial nerves especially in the facial area affecting expressions, breathing and swallowing. It can affect adults with head injuries or children with ear infections as the bacteria enter through the ear.
3. Generalised Tetanus. This is the most common form accounting for about 80% of cases. The first sign is lockjaw (trismus) and facial spasms (risus sadonicus) followed by a stiff neck, difficulty in swallowing and rigidity in the pectoral and calf muscles. Spasms occur frequently and last several minutes shaping the body into a characteristic posture of an arched and rigid back called opisthotonos. The spasms last for 3-4 weeks and it can take months for a complete recovery.
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